Infertility
The Statistics – Infertility in IndiaÂ
As per the 1981 census, infertility in India was estimated to affect about 4–6% of the population. When you include both primary and secondary infertility, the number of people impacted climbs to around 17.9 million. The World Health Organization (WHO) affirms that the rate of primary infertility in India varies between 3.9% and 16.8%.Â
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398420301901#bib14Â
Infertility Meaning
Infertility in women and men is a condition that makes conception difficult. In simple terms, it is a barrier to parenthood. Infertility can impact either partner, resulting in an inability to conceive even after having regular, unprotected intercourse.Â
Two Kinds of Infertility:Â
Primary InfertilityÂ
Primary infertility is when a couple has been trying to get pregnant for a year or more but hasn’t succeeded. Despite their efforts, they haven’t been able to conceive at all, which can be very frustrating and disheartening for those wanting to start a family.Â
Secondary Infertility Â
Secondary infertility is when a couple who has already had a child finds it difficult to get pregnant again, even after trying for a year or more. This can be unexpected and challenging, especially since they’ve successfully had a baby before but are now having trouble expanding their family.
Infertility of Men
Infertility in men happens when a man can’t get his partner pregnant after a year of regular, unprotected sex. This can be due to problems with sperm production, quality, or delivery. Finding and treating these issues is important for improving fertility.Â
Infertility Causes in Male
Several factors can lead to male infertility:Â Â Â
- Heavy Alcohol Consumption: Drinking too much can lower sperm production and quality.
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- Environmental Toxins: Exposure to harmful substances like pesticides and lead can damage sperm.
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- Smoking Cigarettes: Smoking reduces sperm count and affects sperm movement and shape.
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- Medical Conditions: Health issues such as diabetes, infections, or hormonal imbalances can impact sperm production.
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- Medications: Some drugs, including chemotherapy and certain steroids, can affect fertility.
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- Genetic Factors: Genetic issues or chromosomal abnormalities can cause infertility.
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- Heat Exposure: Regular exposure to high temperatures, such as from hot tubs or prolonged laptop use on the lap, can harm sperm production.
Treatment of Male Infertility
Infertility treatment for males focuses on addressing the underlying causes and making positive lifestyle changes:Â
- Lifestyle Changes: A healthy diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight can improve sperm quality.
- Quitting Harmful Habits: Stopping smoking and cutting back on alcohol can help boost sperm count and health.
- Medical Help: For issues related to medical conditions or genetic factors, consulting with healthcare professionals for appropriate treatments is important.
Infertility in Women
Infertility in women is a condition where a woman has difficulty getting pregnant despite trying for a year or more of regular, unprotected intercourse. It can be caused by a range of factors that affect ovulation, the reproductive organs, or overall reproductive health. Identifying these issues and exploring appropriate treatments are essential steps in addressing female infertility.Â
Causes of Female InfertilityÂ
Various factors can lead to female infertility, such as:Â
- Ovulation Disorders: Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hypothalamic dysfunction can prevent regular ovulation.
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- Fallopian Tube Blockage: Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes can hinder the egg from meeting the sperm.
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- Uterine Problems: Issues such as fibroids, endometrial polyps, or uterine septum can affect implantation or pregnancy maintenance.
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- Endometriosis: Tissue similar to the uterine lining growing outside the uterus can cause pain and infertility.
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- Age: Female fertility naturally declines with age, particularly after age 35.
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- Hormonal Imbalances: Imbalances in hormones like estrogen or progesterone can impact ovulation and fertility.
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- Lifestyle Factors: Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or extreme weight loss or gain can affect fertility.
Infertility Treatment for Female
Infertility treatment for female involves a variety of approaches, depending on the underlying cause. Here are some common treatments:Â Â Â
- Fertility Drugs: Medications such as clomiphene citrate or letrozole can help regulate or induce ovulation, especially if the infertility is due to ovulation disorders.
 - Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): This procedure involves placing concentrated sperm directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation. It can increase the chances of sperm meeting the egg.
 - Surgery: For structural issues affecting fertility, surgery might be necessary. This can include:
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– Hysteroscopic Surgery: To remove uterine abnormalities like fibroids or polyps.–
Laparoscopic Surgery: To address endometriosis or open blocked fallopian tubes.–
Ovarian Cyst Removal: To treat cysts that interfere with pregnancy.Â
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): IVF takes eggs from the ovaries, fertilizes them with sperm in a lab, and then implants the resulting embryo into the uterus. Donor eggs or sperm can be used if needed.
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- Lifestyle and Dietary Changes: Improving overall health through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight can also enhance fertility.
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- Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): Beyond IVF, other ART methods like egg or sperm donation, or embryo transfer might be considered depending on individual needs.
Conclusion:Â
Infertility affects many individuals in India, presenting emotional and physical challenges. Both men and women can benefit from various treatments, including lifestyle changes and advanced medical care. Consulting a fertility specialist can offer personalized solutions and enhance your chances of conception.Â
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Dr. Amita ShahÂ
Dr. Amita Shah is a renowned gynecologist and obstetrician in Gurgaon with over 30 years of experience. She is known for her expertise in both advanced laparoscopic and robotic laparoscopic surgery. Her specialized skills in these techniques address complex gynecological issues that can impact fertility, making her a top choice for effective infertility treatments.
Her expertise in treating infertility:Â
Dr. Shah’s advanced laparoscopic skills offer a significant advantage in addressing and overcoming infertility challenges.Â
- Advanced Laparoscopic Techniques: Utilizes minimally invasive procedures to treat infertility-related conditions.
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- Robotic Laparoscopic Surgery: Employs cutting-edge robotic technology for precise and effective treatment of complex cases.
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- Ovarian Cysts: Expert in removing ovarian cysts to enhance ovarian function and improve fertility.
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- Uterine Fibroids: Skilled in excising fibroids that can obstruct pregnancy.
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- Blocked Fallopian Tubes: Proficient in unblocking fallopian tubes to facilitate natural conception.
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- Complex Cases: Manages intricate gynecological conditions with advanced surgical techniques, leading to better outcomes.
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